But in order to make money from an app thats free you do have to put some IAP in it, so can’t blame you for that. There is the problem that I have to wait an entire four hours or pay 10 - 20 coins in order to get my money with more instantly. Almost a real Minecraft except more modern, because you have to work for your money and put a little money here and there into anybody’s house that your working on. This is almost like a blueprint you can use to renovate an actual house and see what it would look like without starting the actual renovation. This game is a great time killer, not only that they let you be the person who is cleaning and doing the actual renovation process gives you a great perspective on what it’s like to renovate an actual house in real life. Each of them can become your haven on the path of developing your own career in the house flipping industry or a source of additional profit. It doesn't matter if you clean the Trash in M5 or polish the Crimson Corner. Renovate your new house and turn it into your office, or negotiate a convenient sale price at real estate agency. You can unlock new items, buy various, though not always beautiful houses with cash and flipcoins acquired during orders. A cat tree in the middle of the room? Why not? It's your idea after all! Why hurt your hands when you can have gloves made of hardened smurf leather? Using unlocked items, you can arrange the interior of your office according to your own design. Advance to the next levels to complete the tasks (quests) faster. All this in realistic 3D graphics!Īs you progress in House Flipper, you'll level up and improve your tools. What does a cat have to do with haiku writing? Why are the Babylonian invaders buying souvenirs there? You will find answers to more strange questions in the descriptions of over 500 items available in the game. Learn not only their purpose but also the story behind them (background). Most of the items available in the game have from several to over a dozen variants, which you will unlock as you progress in the game. House Flipper offers you various locations equipped with characteristic items.īecome an interior designer and arrange interiors according to your own ideas, using available items and a wide range of paints. Renovate the art connoisseur's museum, Giuseppe Clavier, and help the squat residents renovate their ruined house. Meet colorful characters such as Eleonor Moore and her artistically gifted animals (whose activities will be followed by cleaning). buying, renovating and selling houses as well as interior decoration.Ī great adventure awaits you in the House Flipper simulator - the world of renovations! Perform interesting orders that will make you feel like a real house flipper. smooth intuitive gameplay (60 FPS gameplay) Carry out orders, renovate, decorate houses, and sell them with profit afterwards! Get new skins for your tools. Become an interior designer and start your very own business. House Flipper is the best free one-man makeover crew on the market. Have you ever dreamed about running your own renovation company?
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We have passed the last few winters in the south.ĭifference between Passed vs.I passed by your house last night at about ten o’clock.The carriage passed through the palace gates.Michael passed the driving test at the second attempt. 'Past' can be an adjective, modifying a person or idea, as in, 'Our past president spoke until past 10 p.m.' In the first sentence, 'past' is an adjective modifying 'president,' while in the second sentence, 'past' modifies the time, '10 p.m. The procession passed along the street. 'Passed' can also serve as the simple past tense of the verb 'pass,' as in this example: We passed several children having fun on the playground.We need a trick to get past the guards.In the past, this sort of work was all done by hand.The chart shows our performance over the past year.For example, instead of “I passed by my friend” and “Three hours have passed“ you can say, “I pass by my friend” and “Three hours pass“. If someone fainted or fell asleep very quickly, they passed out. If the sentence still makes sense after you replace the word in question with pass, then you need to use passed. You would also use passed when talking about a deceased person: They passed away not past awayor passed on. Rephrasing the sentence and turning the past tense to present might also help. As the past participle of the verb to pass, it can be an intransitive verb (doesnt take an object) or a transitive verb. Of course, you’ll also have to remember a few exceptions but you’ll find this trick helpful very often. The best way to remember the difference between these two homophones is to always keep in mind that past is related to time, while passed is related to movement. Though there’s no movement involved, you still need to use this spelling of the word. For example, you can say that two days have passed since the last call from your father, or that someone has passed away. In some other cases, however, passed has nothing to do with physical movement. Let’s imagine that earlier today you didn’t recognize one of your friends in the crowd. Now, what about passed? Most of the time it’s connected to some kind of a movement. You probably use past as a preposition all the time without even realizing it when you’re speaking about the time. For instance, someone can drive past you in his car.įinally, it can be a preposition that means “further than”. Sometimes past can be an adverb that means “so as to pass by”. One example would be saying, “In the past, I’ve had more friends than I have now”. If you need a noun that describes the time before the present, you also need to use past. For example, if you’ve just returned from the best vacation of your entire life, you can say, “The past week has been amazing”. If you need an adjective that describes something that has happened before, you need past. The candidate has passed all the tests.More specifically, it’s the past tense of the verb “to pass” which means “to move on” and “to proceed”. PAST can be a noun, an adjective, an adverb or a preposition and, in the majority of the cases, it has something to do with time. Script API for Noise and Blending Modes: Filter Forge 3.0 offers expanded scripting API that adds support for Perlin and uniform noise functions and allows access to the blending modes in scripts. The component is highly adjustable and can output HDR colors. With Filter Forge 3.0, you can draw Bézier curves within the new Bézier Curve component that features a powerful curve editor.Įdge Detector Component:The new Edge Detector component performs edge detection, similar to certain existing filters in the filter library but faster and in a single shot. We’ve implemented an interactive slider allowing users to see the original image and the applied effect at a time.īézier Curves:Bézier curves are commonly used for creating tone curves, bevel profiles and other shapes. Interactive Before/After Wipe:Filter Forge 3.0 improves interactivity when applying effect filters. Owners of widescreen monitors will benefit from this most. Each of these images comes with an alpha channel allowing you to preview your filters on images with transparent areas.įlexible UI with Resizable Panels:The most prominent innovation in the final beta stage is the flexible user interface with draggable separators. More Preview Images:If you are a longtime Filter Forge user, you’re probably sick and tired of the default lifesaver image that Filter Forge uses to preview rendered results – and so are we! Filter Forge 3.0 comes with 6 new preview images so you can choose the one that you like best. By default, the first rendering pass of the progressive preview is up to 16 times faster than the original preview method! Progressive Previews:The idea behind progressive previews is to give you a rough, low-resolution preview of the rendered image as fast as possible, then gradually refine it in subsequent rendering passes until the image reaches the final level of quality. This is implemented by allowing you to load images into Color Controls and the newly introduced Grayscale Controls via the filter interface. Starting with version 3.0, Filter Forge allows you to use multiple source images simultaneously. Support for Multiple Source Images:In Filter Forge 1.0 and 2.0, one could only use a single source image or a Photoshop layer at a time. It lets you render a subtree of components multiple times and combine results of all these iterations into a single output image.Ĭomponent Grouping: The grouping feature and the new Group component simplify creation of complex filters by letting filter authors “package” reusable parts of the filter tree into custom-made components with user-definable inputs and parameters. Loops and Recursions:The Loop component brings two key concepts of programming – nested loops and recursions – into the visual environment of Filter Forge, in a way that doesn’t require you to write any code. The filter manager also features new filter history and a rehauled filter search list. You can now create an unlimited number of custom folders for user-made filters and favorites. Contributors get Filter Forge for free.įilter Manager:The new built-in manager helps you organize your filter collection. You get free access to 10244 user-created filters.ģ. Just a small sample of the various filters….īeyond a Photoshop plugin, there are 3 things that make Filter Forge unique:Ģ. ~ Support for Windows XP/Vista/7/8 and Mac OS X ~ Standalone or plugin modes for Photoshop and other popular graphic software, like Corel Painter and Paint Shop ~ Most filters support seamless tilting, even for non-square textures ~ Ability to create your own unique filters All filters are built in the filter editor – a visual node-based environment allowing users to connect familiar operations, such as blurs, gradients, color adjustments, distortions, or blending, into a network to combine their effects. Also, filters can automatically generate diffuse, specular, bump, and normal maps, which makes Filter Forge an essential tool for artists creating 3D models and environments, architectural visualization and high-end game content. Currently the library contains more than 10,000 filters.Īll filters are adjustable, resolution-independent, support real-world HDRI lighting, and most of them can be seamlessly tiled. You can access the library directly from the user interface of Filter Forge. The key features of Filter Forge include the editor and a free online library of user-created filters. Filters include seamless textures, visual effects, distortions, patterns, backgrounds, frames, and more. Filter Forge 4 is a high-end plugin for Adobe Photoshop that gives you the power to create your own filters without any programming knowledge at all. Once your exam has been passed your results will be entered into NED (National Examination Database). Candidates may take computer examinations administered at any PSI Examination Service Center. TESTINGĬandidates must pass a qualifying examination for licensure with a minimum score of 70%. Test registration is done through PSI Exam Services, either via their website by calling 80. PSI will then send the applicant an email confirmation with information to register for the test. Once an individual is approved their name will be forwarded to PSI. APPLICATION:Īpplication must be filed with NASCLA at and they must approve the application. It is designed to reduce redundant licensing requirements and to assist contractors who desire to be licensed in multiple jurisdictions. Additional information on bookstore to purchase all needed books, contractor licenseĮxaminations, PSI exam prep, builders license preparation, construction seminar, construction school, contractors exam, contractorsĬourse, with Contractors Seminars being held in Ridgeway SC.The NASCLA Accredited Examination for Commercial General Building Contractors is used by state contractor licensing agencies to test commercial general building contractor candidates. Exam preparation seminars include review that covers questions and answers used on Business Management and Law stateĮxams. Material take off, load calculations, isometrics, and a complete set up of construction reference books and materials to be used on Seminars taught by Contractors Seminars, Inc., cover the plans, math and estimating, License preparation for General Commercial Contractors, Residential Builders, Electrical, HVAC Air Conditioning, Plumbing, Grading,Īsphalt Paving, Concrete Paving, Water and Sewer Lines, Marine, Specialty Roofing, Certified Pool and Spa Operator, Swimming PoolĬontractor, Residential Home Inspectors, Heating, Bridges, Glass Glazing, Process Piping, Concrete, Residential Light Commercial. This web site, contains detailed information about South Carolina seminar courses to pass PSI Exams for contractor Reserve your books today! Seminar price increase beginning October 1st, 2021 Books may be purchased in advance in our online book store. All books and book sets are for seminar attendees only and can be picked up at the seminar. Spa Operator, Swimming Pool Contractor, Residential Home Inspector, Heating, Bridges, Glass Glazing, Concrete, and Business Management and Law state exams.Īs of September 6th, 2021, books will no longer be available for shipping. Seminars include review that covers questions and answers used on General Commercial Contractors, Residential Builders, Electrical, HVACĪir Conditioning, Plumbing, Grading, Asphalt Paving, SC Bridges, Concrete and Concrete Paving, Water and Sewer Lines, Marine, Specialty Roofing, Certified Pool and Used on your exam and can be taken into the examination site. Off, load calculations, isometrics, and a complete set up of construction reference books and materials which are allowed to be offers comprehensive courses for contractors, which cover the plans, math and estimating, material take Our instructors have passed PSI exams, have been contractors and are licensed by the state of South Carolina.Ĭontractors Seminars, Inc. We have been providing the most complete exam preparation courses available to the contractors of South Carolina for over 35 years. Our seminars are held at 125 Contractors Way Suite D, Ridgeway, SC 29130. We know South Carolina exams and codes, and that's what we focus on. South Carolina's most comprehensive local seminarĬompany for the building construction industry. Sleek space-saver: Streamline your space with a desktop that’s easy on the eyes. The official marketing text of DELL Inspiron 3647 i7-4790 Small Desktop Intel® Core™ i7 8 GB DDR3-SDRAM 1000 GB HDD Windows 10 Home PC Black as supplied by the manufacturer An optional DVD/CD player/recorder for reading/writing DVDs/CDs. Hard disk, this is the permanent memory of your computer where your data is stored. Those integrated video boards are generally not very well suited for playing games, but good enough for watching movies. Micro ATX motherboards often have an integrated video board. Video board, this is the part of your computer that is responsible for the graphics processing. Often it has some integrated components like a sound card, enabling your computer to play sound, or a network card, to connect your computer to the network. Motherboard, this is the component that connects all the different parts of your computer. Memory (RAM), this is very fast memory in which temporary data is stored before being processed by the processor. A processor (CPU), this is the heart of your computer, where the data processing is done. They always have the following components: Personal Computers, PCs for short, are computers for personal usage. This platform provides excellent CPU, graphics, media performance, flexibility, and enhanced security over the 3rd generation Intel® Core™ processors, making it ideal for a broad range of intelligent systems. The maximum frequency varies depending on workload, hardware, software, and overall system configuration.ĭoes not contain "conflict minerals": tantalum, tin, tungsten, and gold.Ĥth Generation Intel® Core™ processors are based on Intel® microarchitecture formerly known as Haswell, manufactured on 22 nm process technology with 3D tri-gate transistors. Intel® Turbo Boost Technology 2.01 accelerates processor and graphics performance by increasing the operating frequency when operating below specification limits. And with built-in apps for 3D creation, photos, music, movies, maps and more - Windows 10 Home brings you more creativity and productivity than ever before. Gamers experience best-in-class gameplay with Broadcast and Game Mode. Windows 10 offers more safety for your device, with features like Windows Hello and always-enabled free updates. You will take on the role of different members of the Forrester household, and determine their fate through the choices you make your actions and decisions will change the story around you. Game of Thrones - A Telltale Games Series Steam charts, data, update history. Caught up in the events surrounding the War of the Five Kings, they are thrown into a maelstrom of bloody warfare, revenge, intrigue, and horror as they fight to survive while the seven kingdoms tear themselves apart. Game of Thrones - A Telltale Games Series is a six part episodic game series set in the world of HBOs groundbreaking TV show. a noble family from the north of Westeros, loyal to the Starks of Winterfell. This new story tells of House Forrester, a noble family from the north of Westeros, loyal to the Starks of Winterfell. Game of Thrones - A Telltale Games Series is a six part episodic game series set in the world of HBO's groundbreaking TV show. Puede descargar Game of Thrones - A Telltale Games Series y los mejores juegos de Steam con GameLoop para jugar en la PC. Spanning feudal Japan, the Roman era, Medieval Europe and 18th century France, the Total War series brings the past to life with a unique mix of turn-based. Don't forget that we're now less than a week away from Prime Day 2018 and we've got a guide ready to update with up-to-the-minute best games deals next week.Game of Thrones - A Telltale Games Series, es un popular juego de Steam desarrollado por Telltale Games. Our History Assigning age and content ratings since 1994. Mobile App Download our free mobile app to search ratings on the go. Family Gaming Guide A user-friendly guide to help you manage your kids’ video game experiences. Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order Is Coming to PS5 and Xbox Series X This. Parental Controls Learn how to manage your family’s video game and device use. Tony Hawk’s Pro Skater 1 + 2: Upgrade Coming to Xbox Series X and PlayStation 5. Crash Bandicoot 4 Coming To PS5, Xbox Series XS, and Switch This March. Hades Is Coming to Xbox One, Series X/S, Game Pass, PS4 and PS5. You can also check out the shiny new guide to the best fight stick available in 2018 so far. Star Trek: Resurgence Announced by Former Telltale Devs. Over at Jelly Deals, you can check out today's best deals, which currently include Titanfall for £4, some nice discounts on Nike sneakers, a Geforce 1060 for £255 and more. As the studio that uses choices to set themselves apart this game falls on. All of their games seem to look the same. Maybe stay away from Jurassic Park though. Telltale needs to update their game engine. There are some real classics in here, but don't overlook both of the Poker Night games, which are deceptively addictive. If any of that strikes your fancy, picking up three games will net you a discount of 75 per cent off the bunch, four games will increase the discount to 78 per cent and you'll be getting the full 80 per cent when you choose five games. The range includes the still-fantastic The Wolf Among Us, in case you haven't managed to get this game by now, as well as the rather under-represented Puzzle Agent games - two of Telltale's lesser-known early games that take inspiration from Twin Peaks, Fargo and Professor Layton and present them as ultra-quirky small-town mystery thrillers. Related Categories RPG, Management, Mouse Only, Upgrade, MMO, Strategy, Clicker basic-clicker-game 6 Smartface (Play iOS Games On PC) 2 Idle Cyber is a. With that in mind, this week you can head to Humble Bundle and build your very own Telltale Games bundle, picking up to five games from a selection and getting an increased discount as you add more - up to 80 per cent off when you pick up five titles. All Xbox Games With Mouse & Keyboard Support All Xbox One Games With Free Series XS Upgrades In 2022 Paradox Cancels Xbox Game Pass Launch After. Fresh from the news that Telltale Games is finally doing away with its functional but rather ancient gaming engine, the folks at Humble thought it was a good time to give you the chance to reacquaint yourself with some of the company's titles. The name my parents gave me is a blessing, and it has become my destiny. The meaning of my name "Margi-Yono" is "there is a way" comes from the word "Go-There" when connected to my career in guide traveling everywhere I went to see what was interesting in the natural beauty and history of the ancient kingdoms. Every corner of the city of Yogyakarta and interesting places I will show you at once is also a typical culinary journey in Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta is not only for me as a city where I grow up, but it is inherent in my heart as a place for my source of life. I was born and grew up in Jogyakarta, thanks God that I was born in a place that has a lot of uniqueness ranging from culture, history and beautyful place natural conditions. Use an English speaking tour driver in Jogja so that you can explore and visit more interesting places, especially in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.There are so many interesting places in Yogyakarta that are targeted by tourists both from domestic and foreign tourist. Yono Deals on your vacation this time is jogja tour packages with tour drivers around the city of Jogja. Broadly speaking, the ecotourism potential can be directly accessed through: and and. The results of the study show that there is a lot of potential in the Regional Development Unit IV of East Java Province to be developed. The analytical method used in this study is an analysis of ecotourism potential, a qualitative descriptive analysis technique used as an analysis of ecotourism potential. The purpose of this study was to identify and inventory the potential of ecotourism resources in the Regional Development Unit IV of East Java Province. Therefore, in an effort to take advantage of the potential of the region and maintain the sustainability of the area, this research is needed. The area has great potential for ecotourism such as marine tourism, nature tourism, cultural tourism and handicrafts spread across several sub-districts. This prediction based on a calculation of roaster operating in 20 days and 7 hours effective time per day.Development Area Unit IV East Java Province is one of the provinces on the island of Java which consists of three regencies, namely Jember Regency, Bondowoso Regency and Situbondo Regency. This predicted that the earning would increase 4 times because of the roaster operated in 0,25 off capacity by now. Result of this PPUD program shows that during 1 month, the farmers earned Rp. Besides self-roasting, the farmers commercialize the roaster as roasting services with rates Rp. Therefore, there was a different value between outsider service-roasting, that done before, and self-roasting of Rp. After program implementation, the farmers roasted coffee bean by themselves. Roaster was designed dan fabricated with capacity of 3 kg/batch and processing time of 15-20 minutes. Program evaluation was performed by analyzing to income added from farmers. The program was excecuted in steps: i) designing of roaster machine, ii) roaster machine fabrication, iii) implementation, and iv) evaluation. PPUD was conducted by Teams from LPPM UNDIP. This introduction was done by considering that the farmers was potentially developed from coffee bean to coffee powder producers. Program for regional superior product (PPUD-DIKTI) year 2020 aims to increase income of coffee farmers who incorporated in Rahayu IV Gunung Kelir by introduction of roaster. You can pick them up, trade them at the weapon shop for a “Duplet” for a 100-200 bullets profit, giving you enough money to buy the best weapons available, a suit, and load up on ammo. The stairs are to your right (and a little forward), if you are standing with Khan and the defenders at the station’s entrance.Īt the Armory level, after meeting Andrew the Blacksmith, you have access to ammo and two guns at his shack. Destroy the airlock by going up the stairs and using the bomb holographic on the supports. How to destroy the left tunnel in Metro 2033?ĭestroy the left tunnel by “using” the glowing bomb hologram on the tunnel supports at the dead end. If this is not correct, please go back and choose the correct trainer for your distribution or the trainer will likely fail. Metro 2033 Redux Trainer (PATCH EPIC+GAMEPASS) You have chosen to download our Metro 2033 Redux Trainer which supports the EPIC STORE & WINDOWS STORE & XBOX GAMEPASS FOR WIN version (s) of the game. Is the Metro 2033 Redux trainer epic or epic?ġ. We currently don’t have any Metro 2033 Redux FAQs, guides or walkthroughs for PC. Please check back at a later date for more cheats and codes to be added. We currently don’t have any Metro 2033 Redux cheats, cheat codes or hints for PC. Are there any cheats for Metro 2033 on PC? Navigate to the game folder, find the user.cfg file and open it. Change g_unlimitedammo off to g_unlimitedammo on for unlimited ammo. Alter game files at your own risk and always make backups. Navigate to the game folder, find the user. WHY THE MPAA RATED IT: R For strong violence and language.Ĭheat: God Mode and Infinite Ammo Alter game files at your own risk and always make backups. Change g_unlimitedammo off to g_unlimitedammo on for unlimited ammo. Change the following lines and save cahnges for the desired effect. How do you activate God Mode in Metro 2033 Redux?Ĭheat: God Mode and Infinite Ammo Navigate to the game folder, find the user. Alt+tab out of the game and launch Cheat Engine.Launch the game and start a new game / load a save game.Google “Metro 2033 redux + cheat engine” to find some pre-made cheat tables for your game.How do you use cheat engine on Metro 2033 Redux? Is the Metro 2033 Redux trainer epic or epic?.Are there any cheats for Metro 2033 on PC?.How do you activate God Mode in Metro 2033 Redux?.How do you use cheat engine on Metro 2033 Redux?. It stands to reason that IOTA prices could continue to rise if the marketplace attracts more enterprise users. IOTA tokens cost less than $0.50 in November, according to CoinMarketCap, then peaked at $5 a piece on December 20. Whenever a new participant publicly declares interest in IOTA's marketplace or network, token prices surge. Companies like Microsoft and Deutsche Telekom are already experimenting with the bare bones of this system. In the future, when high-tech products automate buying more eggs for your smart fridge when you run out, IOTA might be an ideal currency for those tiny payments. The IOTA foundation is developing a global marketplace to tokenize the vast amounts of data collected by IoT devices. This environment is able to simulate hundreds of nodes virtually to boost real-world deployment preparations. “To serve as the low level backbone for Internet of Things applications and provide a means of exchanging value.”Ī preview of the IOTA Simulation Environment of a decentralized Smart City Charging Network based on IOTA. It has been designed for a very specific purpose,” Rottmann told IBT. “IOTA is not another general purpose cryptocurrency. Such is the case with Ralf Rottmann, a serial entrepreneur who works with some of Germany’s largest brands implementing Internet of Things sensor networks. Passionate volunteers help develop the technology because they believe in IOTA's long-term potential. Modest and rare fundraising campaigns support specific infrastructure projects, as opposed to trendy startups. Regardless, IOTA has more similarities with bitcoin than differences. But it is impossible to say if or how that would actually work when high transaction volumes flood the network. The IOTA team plans to deactivate the central coordinator when more users organically take up the workload. Right now the nonprofit’s central “coordinator” software facilitates most IOTA transactions, filling in the role miners play in the bitcoin or Ethereum network. Secondly, there are technical questions about the security of IOTA’s underlying algorithms and infrastructure. “Most people wouldn’t be interested in buying a refrigerator operated by a hand crank, even if the advertisement said ‘No electricity required!’” the MIT report said. They took issue with the claim that IOTA doesn’t have any fees. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Media Lab pointed out several serious flaws in this new cryptocurrency network. However, fast and free micropayments required a trade-off when it came to decentralization and security features. “Right now, during the bootstrap phase of the network, we have a coordinator which helps the network to grow and protect it against certain attacks.” “The more users there are on the network, the more validation occurs, which is the number one bottleneck for blockchain architecture,” Sønstebø said. Theoretically, there’s no need to line up and wait for a miner, who then deserves compensation for such heavy-lifting. Every user pitches in a little bit of computing power to making sure data is correct and complete. So there’s no need for miners to make more of them. IOTA’s creators already made lots of tokens, 2,779,530,283,277,761 tokens to be precise. “This means we get rid of miners entirely and instead have a completely democratized and decentralized network where everyone is an equal validator and user, thus no fee.” “In IOTA, validation of others’ transactions is an intrinsic property of sending your own transaction,” IOTA co-founder David Sønstebø told International Business Times. How could a cryptocurrency work without this foundation? New tokens compensate miners for lending their computing power to verify data. Dollars are printed and tokens are usually mined with fancy software. This solves two of bitcoin’s biggest pain points: Slow processing and high transaction fees.Įven beyond powering blockchain systems, miners have a very important role in a currency's lifecycle: Miners create new tokens. IOTA offers a radically different approach to cryptocurrency, one without miners or a traditional blockchain network. Then a group of volunteer developers ran a token generation event (before initial coin offerings became a hip trend) to raise around $500,000 and establish the nonprofit IOTA foundation in Germany. Its white paper was first published in 2015. IOTA is still considered an extremely young cryptocurrency in terms of technical development and adoption. The bookends of "Light" users on "Entry-Level" systems versus "Extreme" users of "High-End" systems represent a 7-fold difference in energy use for desktops and 17-fold difference for laptops. Of course given systems will use more or less than these averages. That's the reference point we compare against to see how much more energy, in aggregate, these systems use when connected to cloud services. "NonCloud" is energy use when no cloud services are being utilized. The red strip in the bars is the network component of energy used when in video-streaming mode. "Streaming" in the figure above refers to video streaming. We also break down the market and "fleet" of gaming devices into several user types (reflecting intensity of use). These modes are more fully defined in our reports. We're interested in total energy use of the equipment, across all it's modes of use. Our project consistently looks at all uses and modes of gaming devices, so we consider gaming (local and cloud) but also modes such as video streaming, web browsing, idle, off. For laptops, the variation is almost 17-fold. "Light" users of "Entry-level" systems consume 287 kWh/year while "Extreme" users of "High-end" consume 2,111 kWh, which is more than a 7-fold variation. These values are averages, and are weighted by the proportion of "light", "moderate", "intensive", and "extreme" gamers in the user base for each system type. There is currently no cloud-based gaming option for PS3, Xbox 360, Nintendo devices, or Apple TV. Lower values for Entry-level systems reflect the relatively high proportion of “Light gaming” user types (fewer hours spent gaming). Cloud gaming and video-streaming values include network energy and energy used in the data center. The chart on the right shows the effect of cloud gaming at the individual system level of cloud gaming versus purely local gaming.Ĭaption: Values shown include all user modes for gaming devices: gaming, non-gaming, video streaming, web browsing, idle, off. the "Frozen Efficiency and Market Shares" scenario. These are book-ended by the dotted green line (low case) with high efficiencies across all platform types, and a transition to greater market share of consoles, and no improvements at all in efficiencies or changes in the mix of systems people use to game, i.e. The on the left shows the "Strong Uptake of Cloud-based Gaming" scenario, in context with other possible scenarios. Note that this is in isolation from other changes that may be happening in parallel (e.g., shift from consoles to PCs, or visa-versa). It results in gaming energy demand rising 17% above baseline in the five years between 20. Our "Cloud-gaming" scenario for the entire United States assumes 75% of all gaming hours are on cloud (vs 20% in Baseline). We took a long look at this in our lab, running scores of tests with different hardware and software configurations, and different games. One of the topics that attracts the most interest in the "green gaming" space is cloud gaming. |
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